Become a Morse Code Expert

October 9, 2008

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Before cell phones even before telephones, people communicated through Morse code. Despite

being a technology that is over 160 years old, it’s still used today among amateur radio users and

on some ships. If you were in Boy Scouts, you might have messed around with Morse code or

maybe you had a grandpa who used it on his ham radio. While you might not find any particular

use for Morse code in your daily life, learning Morse is a fun and engaging hobby you can share

with gramps and an interesting man skill to possess.

The History of Morse code

Morse code was invented by Samuel F. B. Morse in the 1830s. He began work on the electric

telegraph in 1832, developed a practical system in 1844, and patented his technology in 1849.

The code that Morse developed for use with his system went through a few transformations

before arriving at the code we’re familiar with today. Initially, Morse code only transmitted

numbers. The transmission’s receiver would then have to use a dictionary to translate the

numbers into words. But that proved to be tedious. Soon the code was expanded to include letters

and even punctuation.

In 1844, Morse appeared before Congress to show off his little machine. The first public

message was transmitted on May 24, 1844. It was “What God hath wrought.”

The original telegraph system had an apparatus on the receiving end that spat out a string of

paper with indentations on it. Short indentations were called “dots” and the longer ones “dashes.”

As telegraph users became more proficient with the code, they soon dispensed with the paper

tape and deciphered code by year. Self made tycoon Andrew Carnegie worked as a telegraph

operator as a boy. He set himself apart by learning to decipher Morse code by ear.

Ten years after the first telegraph line opened in 1844, over 23,000 miles of line crossed the

country. The telegraph and Morse code had a profound effect on the development of the

American West. Railroad companies used it to communicate between their stations and telegraph

companies began to pop up everywhere, shortening the amount of time needed to communicate

across the country.

During this period, European countries had developed their own system of Morse code. The code

used in America was called American Morse code or often Railroad Morse code. The code used

in Europe was called Continental Morse code.

In the 1890’s radio communication was invented and Morse code was used for transmitting

messages at sea. As radio frequencies got longer and longer, international communication soon

became possible and a need for an international standard code developed. In 1912, the

International Morse code was adopted for all international communication. However, many

railroads and telegraph companies continued using Railroad Morse code because it could be sent

faster. Today, American Morse code is nearly extinct. A few amateur radio users and Civil War

re-enactors still keep it alive.

Morse code became extremely important in maritime shipping and aviation. Pilots were required

to know how to communicate using Morse code up until the 1990s.

Today Morse code is primarily used among amateur radio users. In fact, up until 2007, if you

wanted to get your amateur radio license in America, you had to pass a Morse code proficiency

test.

Learning Morse code

Learning Morse code is like learning any language. You have to practice, practice, practice.

We’ve brought together some resources to help you get started on the path to becoming a master

telegraph operator. Who knows? Maybe you can start your own telegraph shop.

Get familiar with the code. The first thing you’ll need to do is get familiar with what the

alphabet looks like in Morse code. Below I’ve included the International Morse code alphabet.

Print it off, carry it around with you, and study it during your free time. (In order to download the

image, right click it and hit “save.”)

For our Steampunk and Civil War re-enactor friends, we’ve also included the American Rail

Road Code.

Start listening to Morse code. You’re going to have to actually listen to Morse code if you ever

want to learn it. Head over to learnmorsecode.com and download some MP3s of some code.

Listen to it and see if you can decipher any letters.

Use this nifty chart. Print off this dichotomic search tree to help you decipher code. Start off where it says “start.” Every time you hear a dit (or short sound) you move down and to the left.

Every time you hear a dah (or long sound) you move down and to the right.

Learnmorsecode.com has a dichotomic chart as well, except it’s the reverse of this one. (You go left on dah, right on dit). Use whichever one is comfortable for you.

Practice with this app. This is keen-o-reeno online app that lets you input any text and it will play it back in Morse code. Practice with it for 10 minutes a day and you’ll be well on your way

to becoming a Morse code wiz.

You can also try out “The Mill.” It’s a downlodable app that not only allows you to use International Morse code, but also American Morse code.

Tips to make Morse code memorization easier

Count the number characters. Knowing the number of characters in each letter can help you

narrow down your possibilities when you receive a message.

T, E= 1 character each

A, I, M,N= 2 characters

D, G, K, O, R, S, U, W= 3 characters

B, C, F, H, J, L, P, Q, V, X, Y, Z= 4 characters each

Reverse letters. Some letters are the reverse of each other in Morse code. For example “a” is “._”

while “n” is “_.”

Here are the rest of the letters that are the reverse of each other:

a & n d & u g & w b & v f & l q & y